2a) Levels of Organisation

Some organelles (tiny structures within cells) found in a typical  animal cell:

• nucleus 
• cell membrane 
• cytoplasm 

Found in plant cell:

• Chloroplasts 
• Cell wall 
• Vacuole 

And some cells are specialised 

Section 2

Structures and functions in living organisms

1b) Variety of living organisms

Organisms	Description	Examples
Plants	Multicellular Chloroplasts: photosynthesise Cell walls: out of cellulose Store carbohydrates: starch	Trees Cereals Legumes
Animals	Multicellular No cell walls Store carbohydrates as glycogen Fat cells Cells can change shape	Mammals Insects
Fungi	Single-celled Mycelium: hyphae which has leads of nuclei Cell walls made of chitin Starch stored	Mushrooms Puffballs Yeasts Mucor
Bacteria	Single-celled and microscopic No nucleus Circular chromosome of DNA Some can photosynthesise Feed off other organisms	Salmonella Typhi Vibrio
Protoctists	Single-celled and microscopic Chlorophasts and similar to plant cells some animals cells	Chlorella Amoeba
Viruses	Not living No cells Don' t store energy Hide in living cells Can't detect them (antibodies)	HIV AIDS

1a) Characteristics of living organisms

Movement
Respiration - getting energy from food
Sensitivity - detecting changes in surroundings
Growth - grow and develop into adult form
Reproduction - make new generations of a species
Excretion - getting rid of waste products
Nutrition - taking in and using food as a supply of energy